Distance:The average distance from Mercury to the Sun is approximately 57.9 million kilometers (about 36 million miles).

Size: Mercury has a diameter of approximately 4,880 kilometers (3,032 miles), making it the smallest planet in the Solar System.

Mass: It has a mass of about 0.055 times that of Earth.

Surface: Mercury's surface is heavily cratered and resembles the Moon's surface. It also features vast plains and scarps (cliffs), indicating past tectonic activity.

Temperature: Due to its proximity to the Sun and lack of atmosphere to retain heat, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations. Surface temperatures can reach up to 427°C (800°F) on the side facing the Sun and drop to -173°C (-280°F) on the side facing away from the Sun.

Orbit: Mercury orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 58 million kilometers (36 million miles), completing one orbit approximately every 88 Earth days.

Rotation: Interestingly, Mercury has a slow rotation compared to its orbital period. It rotates on its axis once every 59 Earth days. This means a day on Mercury (from one sunrise to the next) is longer than its year (one orbit around the Sun).

Interior: Mercury's interior is believed to consist of a large iron core, which makes up about 60% of its mass. This core is surrounded by a relatively thin silicate mantle and crust.

Surface: The surface of Mercury is composed mainly of silicate minerals and is heavily cratered due to impacts from meteoroids and asteroids.

Mercury has an extremely thin atmosphere, known as an exosphere, composed primarily of oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium, and potassium. However, it is so tenuous that it's essentially negligible.

Several spacecraft have visited Mercury to study its surface and environment, including NASA's Mariner 10, which flew by the planet in the 1970s, and the MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) spacecraft, which orbited Mercury from 2011 to 2015, providing extensive data about its surface, composition, and magnetic field.