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Cardiovascular Disease Overview

20, May, 2025

Cardiovascular Disease Overview

Heart Diseases: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)-

Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, heart attack.
Diagnosis: ECG, stress test, coronary angiography, CT angiogram.
Treatment: Lifestyle changes, aspirin, statins, angioplasty, bypass surgery.

Heart Failure (CHF)-

Symptoms: Breathlessness, swelling, fatigue, rapid heartbeat.
Diagnosis: Echo, BNP test, ECG, chest X-ray.
Treatment: ACE inhibitors, diuretics, ICD, lifestyle changes, transplant.

Arrhythmias-

Symptoms: Palpitations, dizziness, fainting, chest discomfort.
Diagnosis: ECG, Holter monitor, EP study.
Treatment: Antiarrhythmics, pacemaker, cardioversion, ablation.

Valvular Heart Disease-

Symptoms: Murmur, fatigue, dizziness, chest pain.
Diagnosis: Echo, cardiac cath, CT/MRI.
Treatment: Medications, valve repair/replacement.

Cardiomyopathy-

Symptoms: Fatigue, swelling, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath.
Diagnosis: Echo, cardiac MRI, genetic tests.
Treatment: Medications, ICD, transplant.

Congenital Heart Disease-

Symptoms: Cyanosis, murmurs, feeding issues, failure to thrive.
Diagnosis: Fetal/postnatal Echo, MRI.
Treatment: Surgery, catheter repair, long-term follow-up.

Pericardial Disease-

Symptoms: Chest pain (worse lying down), fever, SOB.
Diagnosis: ECG, Echo, MRI.
Treatment: Anti-inflammatory drugs, pericardiocentesis, surgery.

Aortic Disease-

Symptoms: Sudden chest/back pain, fainting, stroke symptoms.
Diagnosis: CT Angio, MRI, Echo.
Treatment: Emergency surgery, monitoring, elective repair.

Hypertensive Heart Disease-

Symptoms: Often silent; can lead to heart failure.
Diagnosis: Echo, ECG, BP monitoring.
Treatment: BP control, lifestyle changes, medications.

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