Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition where one or more of the pelvic organs—such as the bladder, uterus, vagina, small bowel, or rectum—descends from its normal position and pushes against the walls of the vagina. This occurs due to the weakening or damage of the muscles and connective tissues in the pelvis that support these organs.
Types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
- Cystocele: Bladder prolapse into the front wall of the vagina.
- Rectocele: Rectum prolapse into the back wall of the vagina.
- Uterine Prolapse: Uterus descends into the vaginal canal.
- Enterocele: Small intestine prolapse into the vaginal space.
- Vaginal Vault Prolapse: Top of the vagina loses its normal shape and sags or drops.
Symptoms
- A sensation of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area
- A visible bulge or protrusion from the vagina
- Urinary problems, such as incontinence or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Bowel issues, such as constipation or difficulty with bowel movements
- Discomfort or pain during intercourse
- Lower back pain
Causes
- Childbirth, especially multiple or traumatic deliveries
- Aging and menopause, leading to weakened pelvic muscles
- Chronic coughing, often due to conditions like asthma or chronic bronchitis
- Heavy lifting or straining
- Obesity
- Previous pelvic surgery
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is usually made through a pelvic exam, and treatment options vary based on the severity of the prolapse and the symptoms experienced. They include:
- Lifestyle Changes: Weight management, avoiding heavy lifting, and treating chronic coughs.
- Pelvic Floor Exercises: Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles.
- Pessaries: A device inserted into the vagina to support the prolapsed organs.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options may be considered to repair and support the pelvic organs.
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