The video discusses the population dynamics in India, highlighting the upcoming milestone where India's population is set to surpass China's.

It explains how India's population growth has been uneven across the country due to factors such as geographical features like the Himalayas affecting climate patterns and agriculture.

The northern regions have a higher population density due to more fertile land supported by rivers fed by glaciers, while the Deccan Plateau in the south has a lower population density due to less agricultural productivity.

It also touches upon the influence of monsoons, rivers, and mountain ranges on population distribution within India.

The video features an advertisement for an interactive STEM learning platform called Brilliant.